Southampton City Council has outlined measures to provide clean air in the city by 2020 without the need for a charging zone.
The council says that work already underway has significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide pollution over the last three years by 24 per cent in some of the most polluted areas.
It says that £15 million worth of projects, including introducing cleaner city buses, a low emission taxi incentive scheme and cleaner fuels and equipment at Southampton’s port, have all been successful in reducing nitrogen dioxide in the city.