According to traffic data firm Inrix, UK drivers spent an average of 31 hours in rush-hour congestion last year, costing each motorist £1,168.
Taken regionally, London drivers spent an average of 74 hours in gridlock last year, at a cost of £2,430. The study, which analysed direct costs such as wasted fuel and time, reported that alongside London, Manchester, Birmingham, Luton and Edinburgh were the most affected places.